LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN

The rapid growth in portable electronics, mobile communication
devices, and embedded systems has significantly increased the demand
for power-efficient solutions in modern integrated circuit (IC) design.
As devices continue to shrink in size while processing speed increases,
power dissipation has emerged as a critical issue in Very-Large-Scale
Integration (VLSI) technology. The necessity to extend battery life,
reduce heat generation, and improve overall performance has driven
research and development towards low-power circuit design techniques.
This book, Low Power VLSI Design, is an attempt to comprehensively
address the various strategies, challenges, and techniques involved in
designing circuits with minimal power consumption. From fundamental
principles to advanced low-power design techniques, the book aims to
serve as a complete guide for engineers, researchers, and students
working in the field of VLSI.
The first chapter introduces the need for low-power circuit design and
explores the primary sources of power dissipation in circuits. Detailed
discussions on switching power dissipation, short-circuit power,
leakage currents, and glitch power are included, highlighting their
impact on modern CMOS technology. In the subsequent chapters, we
delve into specific low-power design approaches such as voltage
scaling, multi-threshold circuits, and architectural methods like
pipelining and parallel processing. Additionally, practical techniques
like clock gating and power gating are thoroughly examined to provide
readers with real-world solutions for minimizing power usage in digital
systems.
This book also covers specialized low-power VLSI components like
adders, multipliers, and memory circuits. Low-voltage design
challenges for these elements are discussed, along with their
architectures and power optimization strategies, such as ripple carry
adders, Booth multipliers, and SRAM design principles. Each section is
written to not only explain the basic operation of these components but
also to present the latest innovations in low-power techniques.

A key feature of this book is the balance between theoretical
concepts and practical design considerations. While the foundational
concepts are rigorously explained, the book also emphasizes hands-on
design strategies that engineers can apply to actual circuit designs. Each
chapter contains detailed diagrams, mathematical derivations, and case
studies to make the topics more accessible and relevant.